Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

लक्षण एवं प्रारंभिक संकेत

Increased thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria), increased hunger (polyphagia), unintended weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, slow-healing sores, frequent infections.

प्रमुख कारण व जोखिम कारक

Combination of genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors including physical inactivity, visceral adiposity, and metabolic syndrome.

संभावित रिस्क फैक्टर्स

BMI over 25, age over 45, family history, sedentary lifestyle, high blood pressure, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

जांच, परीक्षण एवं नैदानिक प्रक्रिया

Fasting Blood Glucose (>=126 mg/dL), HbA1c (>=6.5%), Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT >=200 mg/dL).

उपचार, दवाएं एवं प्रबंधन

Lifestyle modifications (dietary adjustments, aerobic exercise), oral hypoglycemics (Metformin, SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists), insulin therapy where indicated.

बचाव, आहार व जीवनशैली सुधार

Maintaining healthy body weight, at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly, fiber-rich low glycemic diet, avoidance of ultra-processed carbohydrates.

संभावित जटिलताएं व खतरे

Diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, diabetic foot ulcers.

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