Essential Hypertension

लक्षण एवं प्रारंभिक संकेत

Often asymptomatic ("silent killer"). Severe elevation may produce morning headaches, dizziness, palpitations, nosebleeds, and shortness of breath.

प्रमुख कारण व जोखिम कारक

Polygenic inheritance interacting with environmental stressors, excessive sodium consumption, arterial stiffening, and autonomic dysregulation.

संभावित रिस्क फैक्टर्स

High dietary sodium, low potassium intake, chronic psychosocial stress, obesity, alcohol use, tobacco usage, obstructive sleep apnea.

जांच, परीक्षण एवं नैदानिक प्रक्रिया

Office blood pressure >=140/90 mmHg on two separate visits, corroborated with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).

उपचार, दवाएं एवं प्रबंधन

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH diet), sodium restriction (<2g/day), pharmacological therapy (ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Calcium Channel Blockers, Thiazide diuretics).

बचाव, आहार व जीवनशैली सुधार

Regular cardiovascular exercise, salt reduction, weight management, moderate caffeine and alcohol intake, stress reduction practices.

संभावित जटिलताएं व खतरे

Myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, chronic kidney disease.

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